Title: Achieving ultra-long lifespan Zn metal anodes by manipulating desolvation effect and Zn deposition orientation in a multiple cross-linked hydrogel electrolyte

Authors: Pengxiang Lin, Jianlong Cong, Jiyang Li, Minghao Zhang, Pengbin Lai, Jing Zeng, Yang Yang*, Jinbao Zhao*

Abstract: Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have received extensive attention due to the intrinsic advantages of high safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. But detrimental side reactions and dendrite problems resulting from high desolvation penalty and inhomogeneous Zn²⁺ flux at the interface severely hindered their practical applications. Herein, a novel polyacrylamide-poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate-carboxymethyl cellulose (PMC) hydrogel electrolyte is designed to overcome these obstacles through reducing the desolvation energy barrier and guiding the preferential orientation of Zn deposition simultaneously. Theoretical calculation and experimental results reveal that the desolvation activation energy of the PMC hydrogel electrolyte (36.42 kJ mol⁻¹) is substantially lower than that of conventional ZnSO₄ aqueous electrolyte (62.31 kJ mol⁻¹) due to the regulated Zn²⁺ solvation structure. Based on the high binding energy between amide groups and Zn²⁺, polymer chains in PMC also serve as facile Zn²⁺ transport channels to guide the uniform deposition behavior on the Zn (002) crystal surface, which is verified by the grazing incidence XRD analysis. Consequently, an ultra-long cycle life of 5000 h with a high coulombic efficiency of 99.5% is achieved by using the PMC hydrogel electrolyte. Considering the simple one-pot synthesizing method, the PMC hydrogel electrolyte provides new opportunities for developing practical ZIBs.

Full-Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405829722002008